According to Mark Smith and John Day (leading contemporary Hebrew philologists and experts on early Israelite religion), rchm is a stock epithet of the god El acquired by Yahweh; see, for instance, 'l chnn w-rchm "El gracious and merciful" in Jonah 4:2, Nehemiah 9:31, 'l rchm w-chnn "El merciful and gracious" in Exodus 34:6, Psalm 86:15, 103:8, and 'l rchm "El the merciful" in Deuteronomy 4:31. These stock phrases were then applied to Yahweh (as the two deities were identified with each other). In Canaanite mythology, El was also described in similar terms, cf. ltpn 'l dp'd "the kindly one, El the compassionate", and exactly these terms survive to this day as epithets of Allah in Arabic, latif "kind" (cf. Ugaritic ltpn), and du fu'ad "merciful" (cf. Ugaritic dp'd), and the use of the Arabic cognate of Hebrew rchm occurs in the beginning of the Quran: bismi llahi r-rachmani r-rachimi, "In the name of Allah, the compassionate and merciful". The language thus used of Yahweh in the OT is traditional language inherited from earlier Canaanite religion.