Anyone calling themselves a scientist can publish an article or book or whatever stating their findings/beliefs
It is true anyone "calling themselves a scientist" could "publish and article or book" just in the same way I could produce 'Dr Mash's guide to open heart surgery' and pay to have it published in all good book stores... however this is not what is meant by 'publishing' in the scientific sense.
To have your scientific papers published means that you have submitted your work to an established respected journal for consideration, it is then peer reviewed and if accepted will be published. This does not then mean your paper is accepted fully by the scientific community, really it means lots more of your peers will read the paper and potentially test your hypothesis further. Here is some information on peer review from Science.. http://www.sciencemag.org/site/feature/contribinfo/RAinstr13.pdf
Usually papers are written by Doctors in their field although technically anyone could submit a paper for review.
This knowledge is what motivates some creationists to (a) get a doctorate from a diploma mill university and (b) create pseudo scientific journals in which to publish their 'science'.
For an example see here http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Answers_Research_Journal