On what basis do Jehovah's Witnesses distinguish the 144,000 from the "Great Multitude"? Why do Jehovah's Witnesses believe the 144,000 and the “Great Crowd” are different groups?
NUMERICAL DIFFERENCE: The 144,000 is not a "great multitude which no man could number".
- Couldn't 144,000 be an ideal, spiritual number, perhaps symbolic of perfection?
The 144,000 must be literal because it is given in contrast to the innumerable number of "Great Multitude" members.
- But couldn't this contrast be one of perspective
(i.e. divine/human) rather than numerical literalness?
CLARIFICATION: You say the tribes are figurative. The number12,000 figurative
But the total number is literal. How can that be?
- How can you be consistent if you decide that in the same phrase, the
tribes and their numeration is spiritual but the total number is literal?
- Why couldn't both the tribes and their numbers be figurative?
- Doesn't this "suspiciously tidy sort of number seem much more
likely to be a symbol than a statistic"?.
("The Message of Revelation", p.80)
LOOKING AT THE NUMBER A LITTLE MORE CLOSELY:
How is God to numerically express the entire church down through history? When you apply Christ's mustard seed analogy to the "Kingdom of Heaven", and the promise to Abraham of an innumerable progeny, wouldn't you be dealing with a sizable group? How is God to give a definite total for such an innumerable multitude? Why couldn't it be by a number which no man could number,- ie. by a symbol- which stands for completion and perfect symmetry?
David Chilton, in his commentary on Revelation entitled, "Days of Vengeance" says
The number 144,000 is obviously symbolic: twelve (the number of Israel) squared, then multiplied by 1000 (ten and its multiples symbolizing many; cf. Deut. 1:11; Ps.50:10; 68:17; 84:10; 90:4). St. John pictures for us the ideal Israel, Israel as it was meant to be, in all its perfection, symmetry, and completeness." (p.206)
"SEALING DISTINCTION: The 144,000 are distinct because they are "sealed".
- But, if both groups are identical, wouldn't the "Great Crowd" be sealed by the Spirit also and there would no need to repeat this particular fact?
IS THERE BIBLICAL EVIDENCE SUPPORTING THAT THE 144,000 AND THE "GREAT MULTITUDE" ARE IDENTICAL?
John's Literary Device in Revelation: Hearing & then Seeing
There is support for the idea that the 144,000 and the "Great Crowd" are really the same group being described from two different perspectives, divine and human. John heard the (perfect) number; then he saw the actual group. This "hearing" then "seeing" sequencing is a literary device that Saint John uses frequently in Revelation to display his images from different viewpoints. David Chilton clearly demonstrates this pattern of hearing and seeing in :”Days of Vengeance:”
For example, in 1:10-13, St. John hears a Voice, then turns to see the Lord; in 5:5-6, he hears the Lion of Judah, then sees the Lamb; in 6:1-8, he hears a living creature say "Come!"- then sees the object of the creatures command. The same pattern appears in this chapter: St. John tells us, I heard the number of those who were sealed (v.4); then, after these things - after hearing the number of the redeemed - I looked, and behold a Great Multitude (v.9).
Both the 144,000 and the "Great Crowd") consist of members who are:
.....................................................................144,000............................................GREAT CROWD
a. From every kindred and nation............. 5:9.... ..............................................7:9
b. Servants of God.................................. 7:3................................................. 7:15
c. Divinely protected thru tribulation...... 9:4,5 /.................................................Acts 14:22 7:14
d. followers of the Lamb ................................14:4 ..................................................7:17
e. Redeemed ...................................................14:3.............................................. 7:14
f. Pure and Spotless .......................................14:4 .................................................7:13,14
g. Standing before the throne .......................14:1,3................................................ 7:9
h. Before the Lamb................................... 5:8 ......................................................7:9
i. In His temple (naos) ....................................11:1,2 7:15; .......................................11:19
j. Tenting/residing with God ...........................2Cor.6:16 ...........................................7:15
i. Dressed in white robes........................... 6:11 ....................................................7:9
j. Wearing robes that are washed.................. 22:14............................................... 7:14
h. A heavenly class...................................... 14:1; 4:1,2; ........................................19:1
i. Spirit begotten ................................................7:3 I ..............................................Jn. 5:1