Assemblies were IMO an attempt to replicate the Jewish festivals. All societies have festivals, which served a useful purpose in poorer societies. The WTS uses them for the same reason. They attempt to make them into events that break the routine, allows people to mingle with strangers and provides an opportunity to remind people of social obligations.
fulltimestudent
JoinedPosts by fulltimestudent
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CIRCUIT ASSEMBLIES KEEP SHRINKING IN SIZE - WAY TO GO!!
by steve2 inthe recent boe letter announcing changes to the duration of circuit assemblies was warmly received by congregations the worldover.
it was as if the brothers and sisters were already in the new world for, upon hearing this news, there were no tears at all.
instead, it is a humble acknowledgement from the gb of the mind-numbing, yawn-inducing 2-day circuit assemblies.. .
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Is there a pedophile epidemic ?
by Snoozy inafter reading another thread on pedophiles i was wondering if there is a pedophile epidemic or is it just that we now have more access to the information?
it seems like everywhere you read there are more and more cases being reported.
are we becoming a nation with no morals at all?
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fulltimestudent
Previous Poster:
The Elder giving it said, " We should not bring up those past experiences. Fornication should not even be mentioned among us." I'm not kidding.
Sorry, but that elder was merely quoting scripture:
But immorality or any impurity or greed must not even be named among you, as is proper among saints; Ephesians 5:3 NASB.
Most translations into english adopt that style. The NWT prefers, 'not even mentioned."
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Is there a pedophile epidemic ?
by Snoozy inafter reading another thread on pedophiles i was wondering if there is a pedophile epidemic or is it just that we now have more access to the information?
it seems like everywhere you read there are more and more cases being reported.
are we becoming a nation with no morals at all?
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fulltimestudent
In regard to Snoozy's thread title question, I doubt that there is much change to the percentage of both those who seek such sexual adventures and those who suffer because of those adventures. But there can be no definitive answer to the question because there can be no statistics from the past (only examples) and contemporary statistics are likely to be slanted by the simple fact that instances of victimisation can only be known when exposed and clearly there must be instances that remain un-exposed.
Moreover, there have been changes in the way that society sees the difference between a child and an adult. In our contemporary world the definition of a child is being extended upwards, to what may have once been seen as a 'young adult.' In the past, a child on reaching sexual maturity may have been acknowledged as a young adult. And, the age of sexual maturity among humans seems to be variable. Some claim that the onset of puberty was later in some societies in the past, than it is now. It is also claimed by others that the young people (at least in the west) are becoming sexually mature at a younger age.
This extract from a Wikipedia entry on Age of Consent demonstrates how social/cultural custom has varied:
History and social attitudes
In traditional societies, the age of consent for a sexual union was a matter for the family to decide, or a tribal custom. In most cases, this coincided with signs of puberty, menstruation for a woman and pubic hair for a man. [3]
Ancient Greek poet Hesiod in "Works and Days" (c. 700BC) suggests that a man should marry around the age of thirty, and that he should take a wife who is five years past puberty.
Reliable data for when people would actually marry is very difficult to find. In England for example, the only reliable data on age at marriage in the early modern period comes from records involving only those who left property after their death. Not only were the records relatively rare, but not all bothered to record the participants' ages, and it seemed that the more complete the records are, the more likely they are to reveal young marriages. Additionally, 20th and 21st centuries' historians have sometimes shown reluctance to accept data regarding young ages of marriage, and would instead explain the data away as a misreading by a later copier of the records. [3]
The first recorded age-of-consent law dates to 1275, in England, as part of the rape law, a statute, Westminster 1, made it a misdemeanor to "ravish" a "maiden within age," whether with or without her consent. The phrase "within age" was interpreted by jurist Sir Edward Coke as meaning the age of marriage, which at the time was 12 years of age. [4]
In the 12th century Gratian, the influential founder of Canon law in medieval Europe, accepted age of puberty for marriage to be between 12 and 14 but acknowledged consent to be meaningful if the children were older than 7. There were authorities that said that consent could take place earlier. Marriage would then be valid as long as neither of the two parties annulled the marital agreement before reaching puberty, or if they had already consummated the marriage. It should be noted that Judges honored marriages based on mutual consent at ages younger than 7, in spite of what Gratian had said; there are recorded marriages of 2 and 3 year olds. [3]
The American colonies followed the English tradition, and the law was more of a guide. For example, Mary Hathaway (Virginia, 1689) was only 9 when she was married to William Williams. Sir Edward Coke (England, 17th century) "made it clear that the marriage of girls under 12 was normal, and the age at which a girl who was a wife was eligible for a dower from her husband's estate was 9 even though her husband be only four years old." [3]
In the 16th century, a small number of Italian and German states set the minimum age for sexual intercourse for girls, setting it at 12 years. Towards the end of the 18th century, other European countries also began to enact similar laws. The first French Constitution of 1791 established the minimum age at 11 years. Portugal, Spain, Denmark and the Swiss cantons, initially set the minimum age at 10–12 years. [5]
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_consent
Beginning in the nineteenth century and early twentieth century there was also agitation to raise the legal age of marriage
All those factors make the issue problematical, but more complexity is added by the cultrual factors imposed by religious belief. Generally Christianity has viewed concupiscence as undesirable. As the NT Letter of Jude tells Christians to:
"hate even the inner garment that has been stained by the flesh." Jude 23
This was likely based on Leviticus 15:16,17 (NIV):
If a man has an emission of semen, he shall bathe his whole body in water and be unclean until the evening. Any clothing or leather that has semen on it must be washed with water, and it will be unclean till evening.
Jude thus turns what was a nuisance, and attaches the much more profound emotional value of hate to semen emissions.
How much that attitude pervaded the early church is difficult to estimate, but there was certainly a persistent and strong dislike of sex and a advocacy of celibacy.
Such a view certainly colors the whole problem of child abuse.
--------------------------
Richard Sipe is a former Benedictine Monk who has been studying the sexual problems of the Catholic church since the 1960s. His web-site at
is worth examing on this issue. I doubt that the church in general has taken much notice of his commonsense suggestions.
Some of his other comments that I suggest are worth reading are:
How to Spot an Abuser: http://www.awrsipe.com/Comments/2006-01-30-Spot_an_Abuser.html
And particularly this essay, examining WHY abusers abuse children:
http://www.awrsipe.com/reports/1992-10-17-Sexual_Abuse_by_Priests.html
And a good outside link to a webMD entry on paedophilia is:
http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/features/explaining-pedophilia
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Can we Depend on Eye-witness accounts?
by fulltimestudent ina lot of trust is placed on human memory.
not just in legal cases and criminal trials, but also as evidence that certain things spoken of in the bible are true, because eye-witnesses attest to seeing these events.. but, could that trust be misplaced.
consider this research:.
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fulltimestudent
How we create false memories: Assessing memory performance in older adults
Date: November 7, 2011
Source: Association for Psychological Science
A new study in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, published online October 26 addresses the influence of age-related stereotypes on memory performance and memory errors in older adults.
Ayanna Thomas, assistant professor of psychology and director of the Cognitive Aging and Memory Lab at Tufts University, and co-author Stacey J. Dubois, a former graduate student at Tufts, set out to investigate how implicitly held negative stereotypes about aging could influence memory performance in older adults.
Thomas and Dubois presented a group of older and younger adults with a list of semantically related words. A sample list participants would be presented with would be words associated with "sleep," such as "bed," "rest," "awake," "tired" and "night." Though the word "sleep" itself was not actually presented, both the older and younger adults falsely indicated that they thought it had been included in the list, older adults more so than younger adults.
"Older adults are more likely to falsely recall these unrepresented words than younger adults. We investigated whether we could reduce this age-difference in false memory susceptibility by reducing the influence of negative stereotypes of aging," said Thomas.
According to Thomas and Dubois, older adults may implicitly believe that their memory is impaired because of their age. To test this theory, Thomas and Dubois informed a certain group of participants (which included both older and younger adults) that their memory would be tested and that it was typical for older adults to do much more poorly on memory tests than younger adults. Another group of participants were told to identify words that had already been presented and the memory part of this test was deemphasized. Those participants were led to believe that this was more of a language based test than a memory test.
Thomas and Dubois found that older adults who were told they would perform as well as younger adults were less likely to demonstrate false memory susceptibility than older adults who were informed about age differences in memory performance before testing.
"This study is particularly relevant today as the population of older adults in the United States and around the world increases," said Thomas. "As medical science has progressed to combat biological illness, psychological science must also progress to combat cognitive deficits."
Thomas plans to continue her research in finding ways to improve older adult memory performance when learning new information and retrieving information.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by Association for Psychological Science. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
- Ayanna Thomas and Stacey J. Dubois. Reducing the Burden of Stereotype Threat Eliminates Age Differences in Memory Distortion. Psychological Science, 2011
Cite This Page:
Association for Psychological Science. "How we create false memories: Assessing memory performance in older adults." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 7 November 2011. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111104102129.htm>.
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Can we Depend on Eye-witness accounts?
by fulltimestudent ina lot of trust is placed on human memory.
not just in legal cases and criminal trials, but also as evidence that certain things spoken of in the bible are true, because eye-witnesses attest to seeing these events.. but, could that trust be misplaced.
consider this research:.
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fulltimestudent
People with highly superior powers of recall also vulnerable to false memories
Date: November 19, 2013
Source:University of California - Irvine
People who can accurately remember details of their daily lives going back decades are as susceptible as everyone else to forming fake memories, UC Irvine psychologists and neurobiologists have found.
In a series of tests to determine how false information can manipulate memory formation, the researchers discovered that subjects with highly superior autobiographical memory logged scores similar to those of a control group of subjects with average memory.
"Finding susceptibility to false memories even in people with very strong memory could be important for dissemination to people who are not memory experts. For example, it could help communicate how widespread our basic susceptibility to memory distortions is," said Lawrence Patihis, a graduate student in psychology & social behavior at UC Irvine. "This dissemination could help prevent false memories in the legal and clinical psychology fields, where contamination of memory has had particularly important consequences in the past."
Patihis works in the research group of psychologist Elizabeth Loftus, who pioneered the study of false memories and their implications.
Persons with highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM, also known as hyperthymesia) -- which was first identified in 2006 by scientists at UC Irvine's Center for the Neurobiology of Learning & Memory -- have the astounding ability to remember even trivial details from their distant past. This includes recalling daily activities of their life since mid-childhood with almost 100 percent accuracy.
The lead researcher on the study, Patihis believes it's the first effort to test malleable reconstructive memory in HSAM individuals.
Working with neurobiology and behavior graduate student Aurora LePort, Patihis asked 20 people with superior memory and 38 people with average memory to do word association exercises, recall details of photographs depicting a crime, and discuss their recollections of video footage of the United Flight 93 crash on 9/11. (Such footage does not exist.) These tasks incorporated misinformation in an attempt to manipulate what the subjects thought they had remembered.
"While they really do have super-autobiographical memory, it can be as malleable as anybody else's, depending on whether misinformation was introduced and how it was processed," Patihis said. "It's a fascinating paradox. In the absence of misinformation, they have what appears to be almost perfect, detailed autobiographical memory, but they are vulnerable to distortions, as anyone else is."
He noted that there are still many mysteries about people with highly superior autobiographical memory that need further investigation. LePort, for instance, is studying forgetting curves (which involve how many autobiographical details people can remember from one day ago, one week ago, one month ago, etc., and how the number of details decreases over time) in both HSAM and control participants and will employ functional MRI to better understand the phenomenon.
"What I love about the study is how it communicates something that memory distortion researchers have suspected for some time: that perhaps no one is immune to memory distortion," Patihis said. "It will probably make some nonexperts realize, finally, that if even memory prodigies are susceptible, then they probably are too. This teachable moment is almost as important as the scientific merit of the study. It could help educate people -- including those who deal with memory evidence, such as clinical psychologists and legal professionals -- about false memories."
The study appears this week in the early online version of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by University of California - Irvine. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
- L. Patihis, S. J. Frenda, A. K. R. LePort, N. Petersen, R. M. Nichols, C. E. L. Stark, J. L. McGaugh, E. F. Loftus. False memories in highly superior autobiographical memory individuals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2013; DOI:10.1073/pnas.1314373110
Cite This Page:
University of California - Irvine. "People with highly superior powers of recall also vulnerable to false memories." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 19 November 2013. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/11/131119131438.htm>.
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Can we Depend on Eye-witness accounts?
by fulltimestudent ina lot of trust is placed on human memory.
not just in legal cases and criminal trials, but also as evidence that certain things spoken of in the bible are true, because eye-witnesses attest to seeing these events.. but, could that trust be misplaced.
consider this research:.
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fulltimestudent
Your childhood memories are probably less accurate than you think
Date: January 27, 2014
Source: Taylor & Francis
How much detail can you reliably recall in your childhood memories? Actually very little, according to a new study with profound implications for our legal system.
Writing in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, three UK-based psychologists asked 127 people to recall four of their earliest childhood memories about which they were absolutely certain. They were also asked questions about specific details.
When the results were analysed, the researchers found that participants were much more likely to remember some sorts of details than others. The 'what', 'where' and 'who' were commonly remembered. Other details -- what the participants were thinking at the time, the weather and their age -- were less likely to be recalled. The time of day the event took place or what they were wearing were even less likely to be recalled.
This matters because in many cases of alleged child abuse, memories, often "quite remarkably overly specific" memories, are "the only evidence." The authors of the study, Christine Wells, Catriona M. Morrison and Martin A. Conway, warn that: "Jurors and other triers of fact often respond positively to overly specific memory evidence […] and in the UK at least, many convictions are made on the basis of this type of evidence. With sentences [for those found guilty] in years, sometimes a decade or more, the question of what adults can remember of childhood events that they claim to accurately recall is then critically important."
Prosecutors often use the fact that their adult clients can recall very specific details of childhood events as "powerful evidence" that certain incidents occurred. But as Wells and her colleagues state: "There is no simple relationship between accuracy [of memories] and the details, of any type, that can be recalled."
The authors conclude that "some confidence can be placed in the recall of the who, where, and what of a confidently remembered childhood event; other specific details are, however, less likely to be recalled." They suggest that what we might think of as detailed childhood memories are in fact our brains non-consciously 'filling in' "specific details that have not in fact been remembered."
Wells and her colleagues are clear about the implications of their work: "Courts and other settings where memory is the evidence need to be made aware of what is typically recallable, what is rare and unusual, and what seems unlikely ever to be recalled."
This new study gives those in the legal and caring professions a "normative profile" of adult accounts of childhood memories, to help them sort out childhood fact from adult fiction.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by Taylor & Francis. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
- Christine Wells, Catriona M. Morrison, Martin A. Conway. Adult recollections of childhood memories: What details can be recalled? The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2013; 1 DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2013.856451
Cite This Page:
Taylor & Francis. "Your childhood memories are probably less accurate than you think." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 27 January 2014. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140127093027.htm>.
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Can we Depend on Eye-witness accounts?
by fulltimestudent ina lot of trust is placed on human memory.
not just in legal cases and criminal trials, but also as evidence that certain things spoken of in the bible are true, because eye-witnesses attest to seeing these events.. but, could that trust be misplaced.
consider this research:.
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fulltimestudent
A lot of trust is placed on human memory. Not just in legal cases and criminal trials, but also as evidence that certain things spoken of in the Bible are true, because eye-witnesses attest to seeing these events.
But, could that trust be misplaced. Consider this research:
False memories: The hidden side of our good memory
Date:
February 5, 2014
Source:
Basque Research
Justice blindly trusts human memory. Every year throughout the world hundreds of thousands of court cases are heard based solely on the testimony of somebody who swears that they are reproducing exactly an event that they witnessed in a more or less not too distant past. Nevertheless, various recent studies in cognitive neuroscience indicate both the strengths and weaknesses in this ability of recall of the human brain.
Memory is a cognitive process which is intrinsically linked to language. One of the fundamental tasks that the brain carries out when undertaking a linguistic activity -- holding a conversation, for example -- is the semantic process.
On carrying out this task, the brain compares the words it hears with those that it recalls from previous events, in order to recognise them and to unravel their meaning. This semantic process is a fundamental task for enabling the storing of memories in our brain, helping us to recognise words and to memorise names and episodes in our mind. However, as everyone knows, this is not a process that functions 100% perfectly at times; a lack of precision that, on occasions, gives rise to the creation of false memories.
Two pieces of research, recently published by Kepa Paz-Alonso at the Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (BCBL) in theJournal of International Neuropsychological Society and Schizophrenia Research scientific journals, have shown that this semantic process linked to the subsequent recognition of such words amongst children as well as amongst adult schizophrenics, is less efficient than that produced in a normal adult brain. Moreover, both studies have shown that children are less prone to producing this type of false memory in their brains, and something similar occurs in patients with schizophrenia.
One of the reasons for this phenomenon is that children do not have this semantic process as automated and developed as adults. That is, the adult brain, after making the same connections over and over again between various zones of the brain concerned with memory, has mechanised the process of semantically linking new information for its storage. Nonetheless, according to the results of Mr. Paz-Alonso's research, this process is more likely to generate false memories in the brain of an adult than in a child's brain.
According to the researcher, "in reality, the same processes that produce these "false memories" amongst healthy adults are also responsible for their having better memory. Rather than a memory defect, this effect is an example of the price that we sometimes have to pay for the virtues or merits of our memory; the two sides of the same coin, and the study of both of which enables us to better understand how our memory works as well as the cerebral mechanisms on which it is based."
In the case of the research amongst children, Mr. Paz-Alonso tested the capacity for memory of a group of 8-9 years-old children and a group of adults using functional magnetic resonance techniques. In the case of the group of persons suffering from schizophrenia, these were compared with adults without psychiatric disorders, using similar materials as in the study on children, although behavioural techniques were used in this case and the scanner was not employed.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by Basque Research. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal References:
- Pedro M. Paz-Alonso, Simona Ghetti, Ian Ramsay, Marjorie Solomon, Jong Yoon, Cameron S. Carter, J. Daniel Ragland. Semantic processes leading to true and false memory formation in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 2013; 147 (2-3): 320 DOI:10.1016/j.schres.2013.04.007
- Pedro M. Paz-Alonso, Pamela Gallego, Simona Ghetti. Age Differences in Hippocampus-Cortex Connectivity during True and False Memory Retrieval. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2013; 19 (10): 1031 DOI:10.1017/S1355617713001069
Cite This Page:
Basque Research. "False memories: The hidden side of our good memory." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 5 February 2014. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140205080015.htm>.
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China Fashion then - and now (See the Chinese girls at Sochi)
by fulltimestudent innot so long ago everyone (sort of) in china wore the ubiquitous 'mao suit.
' it was really a misnomer as that style was adopted by the guomindang (kmt) in the decade after the collapse of the qing dynasty.
communist party members also started wearing it, after dr. sun yatsen invited the communists to join the guomindang.
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fulltimestudent
yy2:
But real personal freedom in China will come when they have democracy and free speech and freedom of the press, and when having a brother or sister is not a crime.
Are you mindlessly repeating what you've heard, without question?
Point 1. I supposedly live in (Australia) a representative democracy, with 'free speech' and a 'free press.' Yet, when my grandfather, a founding member (and President) of a branch of the Australian Labour Party (still in existence and often the governing party), said that the Douglas Credit Party ( a very small party with some unique ideas - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Credit_Party ) had some good ideas, he was expelled (disfellowshipped - haha!) from the party.
The Australian security service has an old, dusty file labelled with my name. Why? Because at about age 16, I gave 5 quid (pounds) to a political fund to be spent in an advertising campaign against the incumbent government.
When, a few years later, my uncle applied for a public service job, he was taken to a security office and questioned about his political affiliations, because they said, "You're nephew is a communist." I wasn't, I was just interested in social justice. I am still not a communist, why? Because I think its too easy, in a large enterprise, for lazy people to bludge on the real hard-workers.
Only a couple of years later, I was in trouble with the elite again. My idealism and interest in social justice had led me to knock on the door (another grin) of the JWs. This co-incided with the Korean war, and compulsory military service. I applied to be exempted on conscientous grounds. The state decided I did not have a conscience. "Up U," I said and refused to join a marching squad when ordered. I was jailed for mutiny! (Only to be released - on medical grounds' by a Doctor with the rank of Major, who opined the whole world was 'bloody mad.')
These days, if I spoke out about certain ideas (even though they may be held conscientously), I could be arrested in the middle of the night, no-one would be allowed to contact me, or to even discuss my arrest. My trial would be in secret. And, I could be jailed in secret and no-one would know, or would be allowed to know where I was.
How free is that?
Point 2. freedom of the press.
Funny point this one: The Watchtower prints under the rules governing 'freedom of the press' -- does that guarantee 'truth' - Or, is it more like the branch of the ALP that expelled my grandfather, interested only in expounding its own rigid dogma?
Do Rupert Murdoch's media specialise is wide ranging open discussion, or is its editorial policy controlled by the minds of an extremely rich old man who is most interested in maintaining his status in contemporary society?
I read an extremely wide variety of news sources every day. I will speak plainly - the media in english speaking countries is very much into supporting the present system. They tell only part of the story - the part that is favourable to the west.
Point 3. Democracy.
Polls indicate some 30+% of Australians thinks there's a lot wrong with the present system of 'democracy' in Australia. YOU can consider why that may be so.
A two party system has developed in most English speaking nations. Politics devolve into childish point-scoring - attempting to make the other side look bad. They no longer trade in ideals.
In the USA, members of Congress can, it is said, be bought by lobbyists who will, in return for favouring certain interests, ignore the interests of their electorate, in order to gain financial support in the very expensive process of re-election.
Even so, its a long road that has been travelled to get to that point. Yet naive westerners believe that 'democracy,' can be imposed by the wave of a gun. Bush promised 'democracy' to Iraq. Yes, they can vote for someone - but has it solved one problem?
India is touted as a democracy. And yes! government can change at an election, but that's about all. 550 MPs representmore than 700 million voters. Even if each MP cares, and has some skill in government, how does he/she know what those millions of people think and want. And judging form the very large number of illiterates, what will each voter understand about the issues of the day. Come to that, how many people in western countries understand the complex issues facing their own nations?
You can have your opinion about what's happening in China, but do you understand the very complex path that has led to where that nation is today?
And, finally the comment: 'and when having a brother or sister is not a crime.'
What should a responsible government do, in response to runaway population growth? Just let it happen, and have a situation where there is less and less chance of being able to reach a good level of prosperity. Indian attempted population control under Indira Ghandi and failed, the population spiral handicaps everything in India. Illiteracy is still a huge problem, some 400 million (0ut of 1200,000,000) still live in poverty with one of the world's longest running armed rebellion still causing deaths. Average income is $3910 (in 2012).
Compare India with China: China's average income in 2012 was $6091, and that has likely increased by 20% since that date and the government is attempting to double the 2012 figure by 2020. In 2012 there were 128 million living below the poverty line. Literacy is way ahead of India, and so is health in spite of the problems caused by pollution. And on that subject pollution in Delhi and Mumbai is probably similar to Beijing and Shanghai.
By 2020 the population of India will have exceeded that of China, whose population seems to have establised, and may even have started to fall. How stable do you think the India of 2020 will be with the world's largest population of young people, so many of whom will not be able to access a good education and have little hope of moving out of India's terrible slums into decent accommodation and a job? Maybe India will then become the world's most unstable economy.
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China Fashion then - and now (See the Chinese girls at Sochi)
by fulltimestudent innot so long ago everyone (sort of) in china wore the ubiquitous 'mao suit.
' it was really a misnomer as that style was adopted by the guomindang (kmt) in the decade after the collapse of the qing dynasty.
communist party members also started wearing it, after dr. sun yatsen invited the communists to join the guomindang.
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fulltimestudent
and from Taiwan, (just possibly) a retro designer drawing on the past.
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China Fashion then - and now (See the Chinese girls at Sochi)
by fulltimestudent innot so long ago everyone (sort of) in china wore the ubiquitous 'mao suit.
' it was really a misnomer as that style was adopted by the guomindang (kmt) in the decade after the collapse of the qing dynasty.
communist party members also started wearing it, after dr. sun yatsen invited the communists to join the guomindang.
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