A fairly simplified explanation as I understand it:
A url is like a map or directions to a server then to a directory on that server.
The stuff with the dots are the directions to the server. Each entry is essentially a server and each server knows about the next server down the line. It works from right to left.
i.e. for tv.jw.com your browser searches for the com server then asks com where jw server is then asks the jw server where tv server is.
The slashed entries are directories on the server and works from left to right.
So if it were jw.com/tv there would be a directory called tv on the jw.com server.
The http or https part tells the browser what language to expect.
I've never figured out what the www is for but you generally no longer need to use it in most cases.
So jehovahs-witness.com will bring you to the same place as www.jehovahs-witness.com
*edit, i had the right to left search order backwards switched both