For things like Uncleanness and Brazen Conduct, you can be counseled without a Judicial Committee. But if you don't take the counsel well when it's given, it can escalate to a JC.
My wife and I confessed (I know, idiots) to some Uncleanness (not fornication) before marriage. Two elders came by, talked to us, reasoned with us from the scriptures that we shouldn't beat ourselves up over it, that it's normal for people to have weak moments, and that was it.