Little Toe,
I believe Exodus 4:16 is a key to knowing the relationship between God and Jesus.
Others in addition to Moses and Jesus were appointed to "serve as God":
- At Exodus 3:2, 11 and many other places, the angel of the Lord is addressed or spoken of as God.
- In Psalm 45:6, the sons of Korah addressed the king of Israel: "Thy throne, O God, is forever and ever." They didn't believe in a Trinity where God the Father and Israel's king were each part of a universal Godhead. In the following verse they mentioned the God who is served by the king. But they knew why it was proper to speak of the king as God. The king was God's chief spokeman and representative. Just like Moses, he spoke to the people for God. What he declared as king was as sacred and as weighty as if God himself had said it since his authority came from God.
- Jesus pointed out to the Jewish leaders that each of the ancient judges of Israel was called God. (Psalm 82:6; John 10:33-35) They judged for God and their decisions were to be accepted as if they came from God himself.
It seems logical to me that Thomas addressed Jesus as God [ho theos] because Jesus 'served' in the same way that the angel, Moses, and Israel's judges and kings 'served' as God. We get a glimpse of this Jewish view of the Messiah's relationship with God at Luke 7:16: "Fear gripped them all, and they began glorifying God, saying, 'A great prophet has arisen among us!' and, 'God has visited his people!'" The people saw in this "great prophet" a visit by God himself to his people. They would have glorified Jesus as God if they viewed him as Almighty God himself, but they did not.
When Moses prophesied the coming of Jesus, he said "'The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your own people." (Deuteronomy 18:15; Acts 3:22; 7:37) Moses did not say that God would raise himself up. The one to be raised up would be a man like Moses, and he would be raised up "from among your own people."
God further told Moses: "I will raise up a prophet from among their countrymen like you, and I will put my words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I command him." (Verse 18)
The Jews clearly understood Moses and did not expect the promised prophet to be God himself. This is evident in the question they asked John the Baptist: "They asked him, and said to him, 'Why then are you baptizing, if you are not the Christ, nor Elijah, nor the Prophet?'" (John 1:25)
It is also evident at John 6:14 and 7:40: "Therefore when the people saw the sign which he had performed, they said, 'This is truly the Prophet who is to come into the world.'" "Some of the people therefore, when they heard these words, were saying, 'This certainly is the Prophet.'"
The apostles did not expect the prophet to be God himself. This is plain from John 1:45: "Philip found Nathanael and said to him, 'We have found him of whom Moses in the Law and also the Prophets wrote--Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.'"
All who 'served' as God received their power and authority from the God they served. That was true even of Jesus. God the Father did not receive his authority from anyone. He is the one who gives authority to others. And so, Jesus said,
- "All things have been handed over to me by my Father." (Matthew 11:27)
- "All authority has been given to me in heaven and on earth." (Matthew 28:18)
- "The Father loves the Son and has given all things into his hand." (John 3:35)
- "Even as Thou gavest [the Son] authority over all mankind." (John 17:2)
We read elsewhere:
- "Jesus [knew] that God had given all things into his hands." (John 13:3)
- "[God] seated him ... far above all rule and authority and power and dominion, and every name named, not only in this age, but also in the one to come. And he put all things in subjection under his feet, and gave him as head over all things to the church." (Ephesians 1:20-22)
- "Therefore also God highly exalted him, and bestowed on him the name which is above every name." (Philippians 2:9)
- "God ... has spoken to us in his Son, whom he appointed heir of all things." (Hebrews 1:1, 2)
- "He was faithful to him who appointed Him, as Moses also was in all his house." (Hebrews 3:2)
- "[Jesus] is at the right hand of God, having gone into heaven, after angels and authorities and powers had been subjected to him." (1 Peter 3:22)
Every knee bending at the name of Jesus is the same as bending the knee to the Father since Jesus at the present time is acting in behalf of the Father. But it will not always be that way. Someday, as 1 Corinthians 15:28 points out, "the Son himself also will be subjected to the One who subjected all things to him, that God may be all in all." Even now, when Jesus possesses all authority in heaven and on earth, he is not in actuality equal to his Father but serves as Mediator "between" God and men. (1 Timothy 2:5)
I find it strange that trinitarians seem able to blot all of this from their view of God and Christ and that they at times even appear offended when others can't accept their view. I for one was threatened at a prominent Baptist seminary with damnation to eternal flames simply because I said I was struggling with the teaching and trying to understand and accept it.
Herk