http://www.syracuse.com/news/poststandard/index.ssf?/base/news-2/1110879631169140.xml
http://www.syracuse.com/news/poststandard/index.ssf?/base/news-2/1110879631169140.xml
*********************************************************************************************************** More From The Post-Standard | Subscribe To The Post-Standard
Evolution or creationism: CNY schools tread lightly
Tuesday, March 15, 2005 By Sapna Kollali
Staff writer Hannibal high school biology teacher Mike Holy believes in God and teaches evolution. He sees no contradiction between the two.
As a scientist, Holy makes evolution not just part of his curriculum, but part of the independent research he conducts outside school.
"I certainly believe in God, but I don't see any clash at all," he said. "I ask my students to understand evolution, but they don't have to believe it. I present them with information, and they can make their own choice."
Across Central New York, teachers confront this issue: How should they present the concept of life's origin and development to their students? In New York, the state Education Department requires that students understand evolution and the theories of Charles Darwin, who proposed the idea that species, including man, evolve, or change, over time.
But many Central New York teachers said they approach evolution as just one theory and let students know they can believe any idea they choose about how life came to be.
The debate about how schools across the United States teach evolution - and, in fact, whether they teach it at all - has recently resurfaced, partially due to a federal judge's ruling earlier this year that a Georgia school district could not place stickers in science textbooks that called evolution "a theory, not a fact."
Around the country, it is "fairly common" for teachers to avoid the topic of evolution, said Nick Matzke, spokesman for the National Center for Science Education, in California.
"It becomes an issue in small conservative communities," he said. "But in general, New York is ahead of other states."
Avoiding the topic is difficult in New York, because of state Education Department requirements. The state includes evolution and Darwinism in its learning standards for The Living Environment course, often taught as biology, and in The Physical Setting, taught as earth science, chemistry and physics.
The state has also said public schools cannot teach creationism, the idea that God created the world, said Ann Crotty, associate for science education in the state Education Department.
Still, the state has not determined how teachers should present the information in class.
"There are certain concepts that must be addressed to meet the learning standards, but what school districts do to teach that is a local decision," Crotty said. "How school districts approach it varies a lot."
Even the way individual teachers handle evolution can change from year to year, said Westhill High School biology teacher Denise Reiner, the biology representative for the Science Teachers Association of New York State's central region.
"There are some basic, fundamental vocabulary and patterns," she said. "We go into some areas deeper than others, but I've taught at other schools, and it really depends on the group of students and what they want to discuss."
Her curriculum includes various theories and ideas, including natural selection and mutations. Her honors biology class learns about
similarities among species - such as the comparable muscles, ligaments and bone structures of a chicken wing and a human arm.
"I certainly don't teach that we are related to chickens, but I want them to be able to see and analyze those similarities. My job is to bring those ideas out," she said.
What helps, Reiner said, is that evolution often seeps into other units and subjects, including genetics, earth science and physics. But teachers said the topic is usually taught only in biology.
Chittenango High School senior Eric Martin said he did learn "quite a lot" about evolution in his Regents biology class two years ago, and the topic is scheduled for the advanced biology class he's taking this year. He said his biology teacher held class discussions on evolution and Darwin's theory, and mentioned creationism only in passing.
"The teachers understand that not everybody believes in evolution. They teach you what you need to know for the Regents, but they don't force stuff on you," Martin said.
Evolution 'our best bet'
Many teachers said they receive few complaints about what they teach - certainly fewer than they did in past decades.
Madison Central School biology teacher Dan Saulsgiver said, too, there is little controversy over teaching evolution these days. He attributes it, in part, to fewer students attending church.
"It was a much greater issue 30 years ago, when I started teaching, I think because more kids were going to church. . . . I'll have half a dozen or so every year now from the more conservative Christian denominations ask me about it," he said. "I had a parent of a Jehovah's Witness student come in and bring me books and videos to look at, and we talked about what I teach."
What he teaches, he said, is that evolution "is our best bet," according to the scientific community, and presents supporting evidence. He said he avoids teaching his own ideas and tries to "divorce religion and science," but he does introduce his students to creationism. He usually reads passages from the biblical book of Genesis, and he has brought in Protestant ministers and Catholic priests to discuss the issue with students.
Saulsgiver said he talks about scientific gaps in Darwin's ideas because he believes it is important to develop a critical and analytical conversation with students. But, he said, he stresses that creationism is not science.
He also tells them that the word "theory" in science does not have the same meaning as it does in common speech - a scientific theory, he said, has strong evidence to support it.
"I'm a God guy, but I tell them that idea is not supported in scientific theory. (Creationism) hasn't held up to the same empirical standards as evolution," Saulsgiver said.
At religious schools
Craig Cheeley, principal and biology teacher at Southwest Christian School in Oswego, disagrees. A non-registered religious school housed in the Southwest Oswego Baptist Church, the school does not adhere to the state curriculum and standards, he said.
"We teach both evolution and creationism, and we show how evolution is incorrect," he said. "Both ideas are accepted by faith. We believe evolution doesn't have a scientific basis, there's no proof, so you have to accept it on faith. And creationism, there can't be any proof, so you accept that on faith."
Other religious schools in the region that are registered and do follow the state curriculum including Faith Heritage School in Syracuse and Tyburn Academy in Auburn - must teach about evolution, but they are also free to teach religion, creationism and other topics not addressed by public schools.
Faith Heritage biology teacher Scott Auwarter said the nondenominational evangelical school teaches both evolution and creationism to students, but teachers make no secret of their personal leanings toward the latter idea.
Because many of Faith Heritage's students belong to evangelical churches, they already believe strongly in creationism, Auwarter said. He said he teaches students that there can be multiple interpretations of data.
"When we study the evolution unit, for a good three or four weeks, part of that is taking time to contrast other ideas," he said. "We seldom get anyone who rejects the idea that God created the world."
At Tyburn Academy, a Catholic school, evolution is taught for about two weeks by both theology teacher Bob Walters and biology teacher Janet Cuthbert, according to a statement sent by both teachers.
They teach how evolution fits into the biblical understanding of creation.
"We teach the students a basic understanding of how evolution is proposed; that it is a theory and that when properly understood, it does not conflict with faith," the statement said.
Questions and answers
Jen Ehrhart, a junior at Liverpool High School, said she wishes public schools could discuss creationism more. She said she believes evolution is part of God's larger plan.
But, more importantly, she said, she wishes she had more opportunities to ask questions about all the theories. She said she believes God keeps changing what we know about science to encourage more questions.
"In biology, they just kind of tell you that this is what happened. They talk about it so you get the gist of it. I mean, I know the basic ideas, but there was really no chance to ask questions," she said. "While some students seem interested in learning about evolution, teachers said few want to talk in class."
Madison Central's Saulsgiver said if he wants to have a conversation, he has to start it.
"I give both sides and ask questions," he said. "I want to get them talking, but it's like a discussion between a Democrat and a Republican. I'm not going to change anyone's mind, and it's not my job to do that. It's my job to teach science."