Hi lurk3r,
Here's an answer to one of the questions you have raised.
Are there any other places in the bible that may refer to Jesus as "Father"? Or any ways that are on the simple side, to help me understand this line of thinking?
Well, the big question is, does the bible refer to Jesus in the same manner as God The Father? If so, that would mean that Jesus is God too and as Jesus said himself "I and The Father are one". If you look, there are numerous titles that are the same for Jesus and the Father, here's a few I can think of.
The First and Last, The Alpha and The Omega, The Rock, The Redeemer, The Saviour, The Judge, King, Lord, I Am.
The First and The Last/The Alpha and The Omega/The Beginning and The End is my favorite. Look at these verses and you will see that both The Father and Jesus use the same title(s) in several places. (I use the ASV as it uses the name Jehovah instead of LORD so you can get the point). I will put in brackets who is being referred to.
Isaiah 44:6 (American Standard Version)
6 Thus saith Jehovah, the King of Israel, and his Redeemer, Jehovah of hosts: I am the first, and I am the last; and besides me there is no God. [The Father]
Revelation 1:17-18 (American Standard Version)
17 And when I saw him, I fell at his feet as one dead. And he laid his right hand upon me, saying, Fear not; I am the first and the last,
18 and the Living one; and I was dead, and behold, I am alive for evermore, and I have the keys of death and of Hades. [Jesus]
Revelation 22:12-13 (American Standard Version)
12 Behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to render to each man according as his work is.
13 I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end. [Jesus]
Revelation 1:8 (American Standard Version)
8 I am the Alpha and the Omega, saith the Lord God, who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty. [The Father]
Revelation 21:6 (American Standard Version)
6 And he said unto me, They are come to pass. I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. I will give unto him that is athirst of the fountain of the water of life freely. [Jesus]
Hope that helps.
All the best,
Stephen