Thanks, everyone!
New York:
Not to pre-empt Terry's further comments, but you may find the following, from IN SEARCH OF CHRISTIAN FREEDOM, helpful:
The organization's own history shows that, basically, the so-called "great body of theocratic law" began its growth during the presidency of the second president of the Watch Tower Society, Joseph F. Rutherford (from 1916 to 1942), for during the presidency of the founder of the Society, Charles Taze Russell (from 1881 to 1916), the organization was notably free of legalism. Following Russell's death and Rutherford's election to the presidency, a totally different tone and spirit manifested itself in the organization's administration. Rutherford was not a person inclined to tolerate disagreement. We have already seen that A.H. MacMillan, a close associate of Rutherford, said that, "He would never tolerate anything that would be contrary to what HE [emphasis: RF.] clearly understood the Bible to teach." This statement reveals not only the propensity for control the Society's president had and the enormous authority with which he had vested himself, but also that it was HIS [emphasis: RF.] understanding of what the Scriptures taught which determined what all members must be guided by. Those of us among the Witnesses who lived during that presidency know that "being theocratic" came to mean that we would accept virtually without question whatever instructions were received from the headquarters organization. [p. 246.]
We have seen the manner in which "field service" became essentially a "work of law" for all members. This initial step was followed by others as additions to the "great body of Theocratic law." During Rutherford's presidency it came to include such matters as the refusal to salute a flag or stand for a national anthem, refusal to accept alternative service provided for those who had conscientious objections to military service---all issues not specifically dealt with in Scripture.
If individuals on the basis of personal conviction could not conscientiously engage in any, or all, of these things, then they rightly should abstain. (Compare Romans 14:5-12, 22, 23.) But none of these matters were left to individual conscience;they now became organizational law, and adherence to that law in all respects was required for one to be counted a faithful Christian. Nonetheless, during Rutherford's lifetime the volume of laws developed was tiny compared to what was to follow. While those failing to follow them were looked down upon as "compromisers," no punitive measures, such as disfellowshiping, were taken toward them on a congregational level. In other areas, only conduct that showed severe violations of morality brought disfellowshipment and during my early years of association these expulsions seemed quite rare. There was certainly not the inclination to scrutinize people's lives that later became so common. [ibid., p. 247.]