The law mandates the reporting of child abuse by certain parties (see page 2, “Who Reports” for a complete list of mandated reporters). For various reasons, people who abuse children lack necessary internal control. Therefore, they need as many external controls as possible, until they are better able to restrain themselves. The reporting law is an external control which clearly states, “the abusive behavior is unacceptable and must stop.”
The California Child Abuse Reporting Law is found in Penal Code Sections 11165-11174.3. The following is only a partial description of the statute. Mandated reporters should become familiar with the detailed requirements as they are set forth in the Penal Code (P.C.).
Under the law, when the victim is a child (a person under the age of 18) and the perpetrator is any person (including a child), the following types of abuse must be reported by all legally mandated reporters:
b. Child sexual abuse which includes sexual assault and sexual exploitation.
•Clergy members means a
priest, minister, rabbi, religious practitioner, or similar functionary of a church, temple, or recognized religious denomination or organization. (P.C. 11166 (c)).
•Any custodian of records of a clergy member (specified in P.C. 11165.7(33) and 11166 (3) (A)). “On or before January 1, 2004, a clergy member or any custodian of records for the clergy member may report to an agency specified in Section 11165.9 that the clergy member or any custodian of records for the clergy member, prior to January 1, 1997, in his or her professional capacity or within the scope of his or her employment, other than during a penitential communication, acquired knowledge or had a reasonable suspicion that a child had been the victim of sexual abuse that the clergy member or any custodian of records for the clergy member did not previously report the abuse to an agency specified in Section 11165.9. The provisions of Section 11172 shall apply to all reports made pursuant to this paragraph.”
Also, unlike other mandated reporters the custodian of records for clergy, Section 11166 (3)(B) states: “This paragraph shall apply even if the victim of the known or suspected abuse has reached the age of majority by the time the required report is made” (i.e. the child is now an adult).
Child abuse must be reported when one who is a legally mandated reporter “...has knowledge of or observes a child in his or her professional capacity, or within the scope of his or her employment whom he or she knows or reasonably suspects has been the victim of child abuse or neglect...” (P.C. 11166(a)).
“Reasonable suspicion” occurs when “it is objectively reasonable for a person to entertain such a suspicion, based upon facts that could cause a reasonable person in a like position, drawing when appropriate on his or her training and experience, to suspect child abuse.” (P.C. 11166(a)(1)). Although wordy, the intent of this definition is clear: if you suspect, report. You must make a report immediately (or as soon as practically possible) by phone. A written report must be forwarded within 36 hours of receiving the information regarding the incident. (P.C. 11166(a)). Written reports must be submitted on Department of Justice forms, which can be requested from your local (police or sheriff’s department, (not including a school district police or security department) or a county welfare department). (P.C. 11168). See Appendix A.
A person who fails to make a required report is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by up to six months in jail and/or up to a $1000 fine, or both. (P.C. 11166(b)). He or she may also be found civilly liable for damages, especially if the child-victim or another child is further victimized because of the failure to report.
4.What if abuse occurred in the past?
There is no time limitation regarding the reporting of child abuse. If a victim is under age 18, the abuse must be reported.
Are clergy mandated to report?
Yes. Beginning January 1, 1997, all clergy members are mandated to report known or suspected instances of child abuse to a child protective agency.