STANDARDS OF CONDUCT
19. The values which have been outlined above underpin the ethos of the Army, and so contribute directly to the maintenance of fighting power. In order to sustain these values, every soldier must strive to achieve and maintain the highest professional and personal standards, thereby enhancing both the competence and cohesion of the team. Soldiers should therefore avoid any activity which risks degrading their professional ability, and any personal behaviour which may damage morale by putting at risk the trust and respect that must exist between individuals who depend on each other. The same principle applies to any behaviour which calls into question the integrity of those in a position of responsibility and so undermines his or her authority in the eyes of subordinates. It is for this reason that the Army must take a different and more prescriptive approach towards certain types of behaviour and relationships which might, in most other employments, be regarded purely as a matter of individual choice or morality, and of no concern to the wider community. Within the close-knit and mutually supporting military community, where the consequences of a breakdown in trust are potentially so severe, such behaviour has an additional dimension.
The Service Test
20. When considering possible cases of misconduct, and in determining whether the Army has a duty to intervene in the personal lives of its soldiers, commanders at every level must consider each case against the following Service Test :
"Have the actions or behaviour of an individual adversely impacted or are they likely to impact on the efficiency or operational effectiveness of the Army?"
This Service Test lies at the heart of the Armed Forces Code of Social Conduct, and is equally applicable to all forms of conduct.
Adherence to the Law
21. All soldiers are subject to the civil law wherever they are serving, and have a duty to uphold it. In that respect they are no different from other citizens, and all civil offences have been fully embraced within military law under Section 70 of the Army Act 1955. In addition, when deployed on operations soldiers are subject to the laws of armed conflict and to the local law wherever they are serving. Taken together, such civil laws establish the baseline for the standards of personal conduct of the soldier as a citizen. The remainder of this section focuses on those areas of conduct where, for reasons of operational effectiveness, the Army insists upon standards that are in some respects more demanding than those which obtain more generally in British society.
Social Conduct
24. In the area of personal relationships, the overriding operational imperative to sustain team cohesion and to maintain trust and loyalty between commanders and those they command imposes a need for standards of social behaviour which are more demanding than those required by society at large. Such demands are equally necessary during peacetime and on operations. Examples of behaviour which can undermine such trust and cohesion, and therefore damage the morale or discipline of a unit (and hence its operational effectiveness) include: unwelcome sexual attention in the form of physical or verbal conduct; over-familiarity with the spouses or partners of other Service personnel; displays of affection which might cause offence to others; behaviour which damages or hazards the marriage or personal relationships of Service personnel or civilian colleagues within the wider defence community; and taking sexual advantage of subordinates. It is important to acknowledge in the tightly knit military community a need for mutual respect and a requirement to avoid conduct which offends others. Each case will be judged on its merits.
Social Misbehaviour
25. It is not practicable to list every type of conduct that may constitute social misbehaviour. The seriousness with which misconduct will be regarded will depend on the individual circumstances and the potential for adversely affecting operational effectiveness. Nevertheless, misconduct involving abuse of position, trust or rank, or taking advantage of an individual?s separation, will be viewed as being particularly serious.
Values and Standards of the British Army