This is the order of the Passover Seder and the story behind why the biblical text shows Jesus may not have partaken of ONE of the cups of wine. His disciples wouldn't have partaken of THAT cup either. Jesus and His disciples would have observed the Passover according to the custom of that day which included a "Cup" that was not mentioned in the OT texts but is spoken of in ancient Jewish texts that instruct that a cup that was to be drunk from 4 times. (Pesahim 10:1..."On the eve of Passover from close to the time of the afternoon offering, on one must eat until nightfall. Even the poorest person in Israel must not eat on the night of Passover unless he reclines. And they must give him no fewer than four cups of wine, even if he receives relief from the charity plate"
The Last Supper
At evening Jesus gathered with His disciples and reclined at the table. He said, "I have eagerly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer." Luke 22:15.
The Seder began as usual with the blessing of the First Cup of Sanctification. This cup has nothing to do with earthly or heavenly hopes.
everything appeared to be in order as they moved on to the blessing of the Second Cup of Remembrance and recounted the Passover Story referred to as the Haggadah. This cup has nothing to do with earthly or heavenly hopes.
After the meal
Jesus continues to the blessing for the Unleavened Bread, but as He breaks it and passes it to His disciples and says,"This bread is My body which is given for you, do this in remembrance of Me." Luke 22:19. This bread has nothing to do with earthly or heavenly hopes.
They may have reminisced of His earlier mysterious teachings as they heard these words before. "I am the living bread that came down from heaven. Whoever eats this bread will live forever. This bread is My flesh, which I will give for the life of the world." John 6:51.
Then He lifted the Third Cup of Redemption, and after the blessing He said, "This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins." Matthew 26:28.
Everyone who celebrated the Passover took the Third Cup of Redemption. However, Jesus took this opportunity to institute a new covenant; a covenant of grace and salvation because the breaking of the old covenant of Redemption by Israel would incur a "Cup of Wrath and Judgement." (Jeremiah 31:32-34). This cup has nothing to do with earthly or heavenly hopes.
The Fourth Cup of Praise was the cup they were not to drink until Elijah returned under the usual circumstances but Jesus had already told them John the Baptist was the Elijah to come and the text doesn't say that the disciples partook of this cup or not. It is also unclear whether Jesus partook of it or not either as His statement, "I will not drink again from this fruit of the vine until the day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God." (Mark 14:25) could have been made after drinking from the fourth cup. Either way it has nothing to do with earthly or heavenly hopes.
The disciples were not yet able to understand everything Jesus was saying to them (John 16:17) but instead of questioning they proceeded on to the regular order of Seder and began singing the Psalms of Praise.
The Passover Meal is eaten in the evening and is directly followed by the Feast of Unleavened Bread.