Hey everybody!
I think prophecy in the Bible isn't so much a matter of foresight (athough there is a certain element of this), as it is a matter of insight.
That said, I do agree to some extent with some of the more skeptical posts about certain people retroactively applying historical events to Scripture in order to show fulfillment of prophecy. Especially with the book of Revelation, since most modern readers don't relate to and understand the distinctive form of Jewish apocalyptic literature.
However, I do think that the Bible does have some valid examples of foresight that can be convincingly demonstrated.
One particularly interesting field I've been looking into is typology (the study of how Old Testament texts may foreshadow New Testament events). An example is the story of the sacrifice of Isaac, found in Genesis 22.
Some similarities between Isaac and Jesus: 1. both are called only, beloved sons. 2. Both ride on an ass on their way to the place of sacrifice. 3. Both have a discussion with their father about the coming trial. 4. Both carry the wood of the sacrifice on their own shoulders up a mountain. 5. Abraham tells his servants that "we will worship and then return to you" (Gen. 22:5) which indicates that he believes his son will somehow rise from the dead. 6. Abraham tells his son that "God will provide Himself the sheep for the holocaust" (Gen 22:8), which to Christians foreshadows Jesus, the lamb of God. Christians believe that God Himself is the sheep for the holocaust. 7. Both Isaac and Jesus were bound and lead off to their place of execution. 8. Abraham sacrificed a ram in place of his son (Gen 22:13). His statement that God would provide a lamb for the holocaust is fulfilled in Jesus. Furthermore, Christians believe that Jesus is offered in place of sinful humanity. 9. The ram's head is surrounded by thorns, much as Jesus was crowned with thorns. 10. Abraham names the place "On the mountain the Lord Himself will see to it. Early Church Fathers testify that this place is the same as Golgotha. 11. Abraham was willing to sacrifice his only son for God. God did not accept this sacrifice, but instead, in His infinite love, offers His Son as a sacrifice for Abraham, Isaac, and all of us :)
The story of the sacrifice of Isaac comes into sharper focus when it is understood as speaking prophetically about Jesus. Now, I can understand how a sceptic might say that the similarities are applied retroactively. However, this is just one example of typology in the Bible. When taken together, the many examples of foreshadowings of Jesus in the Old Testament present, in my mind, converging and convincing evidence that God slowly revealed His plan for humanity through the Old Testament Scriptures.
In St. Luke's story of the disciples on the road to Emmaus, Jesus goes back through the books of Moses and interprets for the disciples everything that refered to the Christ (Lk. 24:27). The disciples hearts were burning within them as Jesus opened the Scriptures for them. Modern disciples experience much the same thing when their eyes are opened to the beauty of God's plan for His people.
Take care everybody, and God bless you all!
Brian (a.k.a. Catholic Apologist)