Freud started and others have since followed the psychoanalytic movement. Freud's books Beyond the Pleasure Principle and The Ego and the Id are very interesting and many have built off of Freud's studies. There are many theories of psychology - here are some basics that might seem a little interesting in light of JWs and what they have experienced in the process of living the life as such or leaving the religion:
Alfred Adler - the central idea in Adierian thinking is the "feeling of inferiority". The goal of every one to varying degrees is to overcome this feeling by manifesting superiority. This striving toward superirority may be expressed as an attempt to dominate others which is negative, childish, neurotic, or at the other extreme it may take the form of a striving to master life's difficulties.
Carl Jung - the collective unconscious (arhetypes). Jung believe in racial inheritance which is shared by all groups of mankind. Archetypes emerge in fairy tales, folk legends and religious traditions. In many religions there is a story of a fall from a lost paradise and of a crucial battle of angels or gods. The persona and the shadow is another theory. The persona is the social front, the facade or the mask that each person puts forth for [the] society (the exact term that Jung used). The shadow is the undeveloped part of the human personality, the other self, distinguised from the persona.
Eric Fromm - Fromm believes that culture is the major shaper of personality. He believes in character types. Authoritarian, humanistic, receiptive, exploitative, hoarding and productive. He also believed in forms of relatedness.
Erik Erikson - He supports some of Freud's beliefs. He pursued child psychoanalysist and became interested in the growth of the ego. Erikson was intrested in how the personality was affected by culture and society. A person's identity is the produce of three forces: your body, your mind and your environment. Eight stages of life: Basic trust v. basic mistrust; autonomy v. shame and doubt; initiative v. guilt; industriousness v. conformity; identity v. role confusion; intimacy v. isolation; generativity v. stagnation and ego integrity v. despair.
I have found thru the study of psychology that I am able to deal with my JW family and the belief system that was established and was the structure of my being for years until I left. I think that many fundamentalist religions are afraid of people looking inside themself to find happiness, because they count on people looking outside themselves for happiness. What will these religions do if people find happiness within themselves and not in fundementalist religions. Wow people may actually start to have a mind of their own.
P.S - sorry this post is really long ... obviously this is an obsession with me! Ahh the reason for psychology.