The Socratic method remains highly influential; it is certainly evident in Wittgenstein. Of course, before Socrates and the Sophists there was Parmenides; and I would suggest it is with him that the encounter with metaphysical 'truths' were first fully articulated in the western world. I suspect Parmenides would have been most interested in post-modern discussions of the simulacrum, semiology, post-structuralism and deconstruction. However, the deconstructionist's approach to language can be fraught with danger. I know of more than one historian who has followed Derrida's arguments about language to their natural conclusion and found themselves in the middle of a post-modern crisis.
Let's face it, sometimes language must be abandoned in favour of the interpretative dance.