I would appreciate comments on the following thoughts about what the disciples had in mind when they asked Jesus about his parousia:
Doug,
The question was: Matt 24:3 And as he sat upon the mount of Olives, the disciples came unto him privately, saying, Tell us, when shall these things be? and what shall be the sign of thy coming, and of the end of the world? And the answer was a history lesson along with an application of the Book of Daniel. This is not what the disciples had in mind as you surmised but it was the correct answer and it was what the Faith needed to know as well so it was now passed on to them in this way. What the disciples wanted to know was: Acts 1:6 When they therefore were come together, they asked of him, saying, Lord, wilt thou at this time restore again the kingdom to Israel? If this somehow involved the temple and its buildings then so be it but the end of the world and the Kingdom to Israel re-established here on earth was clearly on their minds.
Doug said: 1. Later events show that the disciples did not at that time understand that it would be an invisible presence.
It would not be an invisible presence. This is a falsehood preached by many even during such early days of the faith which John eventually identified as antichrist. What the disciples experienced was: 9 And when he had spoken these things, while they beheld, he was taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight. This was a physical experience which would some day be repeated like this: 11 Which also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven? this same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven. So verses that show our Lord coming in the clouds could now be interpreted literally not symbolically as many do. This would clarify the function and purpose of such a return since such additional data would now be available and it would establish the sought for Kingdom to Israel in answer to their question.
Doug said: 2 They looked for the Messiah to deliver the Jewish nation from bondage to Rome and to display glorious power in doing so. In other words, they looked for him to do at his first presence things he was actually to do at his second presence.
Sure, but it did not happen did it? In fact they all died under Roman authority, some even being executed by it. Such an answer would have been wrong and yet the question was answered properly each time. If your Lord answered the way they surmised, the prophecy would have easily been shown to be false and they as well as we would not be still waiting for such a parousia.
Doug said: 3. They did not appreciate that he would not sit on an earthly throne.
This is another false teaching as the Kingdom would indeed be here on earth. Our Lord said to his disciples: Luke 22: 29 And I appoint unto you a kingdom, as my Father hath appointed unto me; 30 That ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel. Why else would they ask him such questions in the first place? They were after all specifically directed to matters on this earth and their participation in them.
Doug said: 4. They had no idea that Jesus would rule as a glorious spirit from the heavens.
Symbolic texts and words such as Kingdom (Jewish for God) and heaven (Jewish for authority) along with other meanings are largely responsible for such thinking. This is common to many denominations and without realizing it, represents far eastern thought that after a period of time here on earth one eventually reaches a state of nirvana. While many no longer think of our Lord as human, the scriptures do and have even said of such a human: 1Ti 6:16 Who only hath immortality, dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto; whom no man hath seen, nor can see: to whom be honour and power everlasting. Amen. 2Ti 1:10 But is now made manifest by the appearing of our Saviour Jesus Christ, who hath abolished death, and hath brought life and immortality to light through the gospel:
This Jesus Christ was human, the only human to gain immortality so far. But this same human is now capable to bring such immortality to light for others through the gospel. It took a human seed to die for us and we as human seeds can expect nothing more when resurrected or changed.
Doug said: 5.They therefore did not know that his second presence would be invisible.
His appearance to Paul was not as a human. This prevents our taking that event as the second presence or parousia. But our Lords appearance when he returns will indeed be human as promised by the men in white robes. Surely they knew more than we do and their authoritative statement is beyond dispute.
Doug said: 6. They knew the prophecy of Daniel 7:13, 14 would be fulfilled somehow, but wondered how.
The prophecy in Daniel chapter 12 is much closer to what was actually said. Wording does not have to be exact. You should pay closer attention to them. And they include the resurrection. Such future life was what the Law was all about not extending present life which some claim it means. Martha made this clear for us when she said: Joh 11:24 Martha saith unto him, I know that he shall rise again in the resurrection at the last day. By making better people the Law made such resurrection possible for the nation of Israel. Daniel was well aware of this and included this resurrection hope in it at such an end. The rest of your questions are pure speculation based on the false teachings of others and were already covered here. Speculation can help us think but what results should be based on what was written for us.
Joseph