1p - penny
2p - tuppence (literally two pence, or two pennies)
5p - bob, shilling (used to be 12p, but that's decimal for you)
£1 - quid
£5 - fiver
£10 - tenner, tanner
We do also have 20p, 50p, £2, £20, £50, £100, but I can't think of any special names for those.
Other terms such as: farthing, ha'penny, thruppenny bit, sixpence, half crown, crown, sovereign, guinea, etc. have pretty much gone.
There used to be a ten bob note which equalled half a quid. Ten bob is still equal to half a quid (50p), but it's now just in coin form.