I just want to give a different perspective. I certainly don't know the details....nor would I pretend....but a couple years ago...I found myself if YOUR NEIGHBOR's shoes.
Our next door neighbor got a dog and staked it in their backyard on a leash. It would bark and bark and bark. Sometimes they would bring it inside....sometimes not. But one day I gave them an earful. It was their barking dog that kept my infant from taking a nap. We had to shut all windows, play a baby Einstein disk and buy a fan and turn it on high to make enough white noise to drown out the dog's howling. The point being....if they had just taken the time to realize that a dog's barking can indeed be a nuissance (especially when children are trying to sleep)....perhaps they would have done the right thing and inconvenienced themselves by bringing the dog inside rather than inconveniencing all the neighbors.
This isn't meant to be a knock on you. I say that because two years before we had kids.....WE found a stray (we called him brown dog - very original). We did the same loving thing you did and took him in as our pet temporarily. Yes he barked. And yes a neighbor called me out about it. Granted....he did so in a more civilised manner than what it sounds like your neighbor did.....but still....I took exception. I remember thinking..."who is THIS guy to tell me when to put my dog in or out? Does he not have a heart for strays?" Turns out....he had a small child that was trying to take a nap. It was only after I was in the same position as he was in that I realized that it was my civic duty to take in that stray dog and do the right thing.....but it was also my duty to make sure that dog doesn't disturb others.