ExBethelite (and all other interested ones),
There was no challenge by Satan. That never happened.
That is an Adventist teaching that was developed during a period of American history known as the Second Great Awakening.
The Second Great Awakening & the Issue of Sovereignty
In the 19th century, the United States of America experienced a Protestant religious revival known that history has dubbed the Second Great Awakening (since it followed a similar revival that followed one that happened prior, but not as expansive or powerful). This 2nd movement, affecting mostly New England, would be responsible for three great historical New Religious Movements: the Millerites, the Adventists, and the largest of all, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (otherwise known as the Mormons).
From the Millerites and the Adventists, a smaller group would eventually form, giving birth to what would eventually become Jehovah's Witnesses. I place this aside in its own paragraph for any wondering where the Watchtower religion fits in any of this.
The New Religious Movement or NRMs, were a development mostly of highly unorthodox and often very uneducated lay persons taking the lead for the very first time to create new religious movements. Again, the most powerful and most successful of all the NRMs to rise from the Second Great Awakening was not someone with a degree or who had any real education at all, namely Joseph Smith, the founder of Mormonism.
The idea of being in the Last Days is what stirred Joseph Smith to found his "Latter-day" movement, as did the Millerites and the Adventists and eventually the Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) Church. These NRMs believed in something called "dispensationalism," believing that history is divided into multiple ages.
Charles T. Russell was inspired by the Second Great Awakening ideas, and adopted dispensationalism, believing in the "multiple ages” idea. This would later cause him to write his "Divine Plan of the Ages'' series since he believed he was living in the final dispensation.
Russell adopted much from the SDA church, especially the idea of the "sovereignty issue." It comes from a book written by Ellen G. White, one of the founders of the SDA church, entitled The Great Controversy Between Christ and His Angels and Satan and His Angels. To this day the SDA church calls their issue of sovereignty "the Great Controversy" due to White's foundationary work. Russell and the early Bible Students, not having a single educated clergy member among them, just lifted the work of others and, often without giving credit where it was due, offered it straight to the Watchtower readers. This one is one of the greatest examples.
So if you believe in this, and you are a JW or exJW, you are really soaking in Babylon the Great sloppy seconds.
Christian & Jewish Beliefs
As I tried to mention before, mainstream Jewish and Christian beliefs are very different. They don't believe in "the great controversy/issue of sovereignty." And here is why.
First, Judaism doesn't because Jews generally don't believe in Satan the Devil. They have always read and understood the Garden of Eden story as a mythological reference written while they were in Babylonian exile and wanting to return to the Promised Land. (Remember, the Jews wrote the story and thus they know what they are talking about.) The narratives in Genesis are part of the Mosaic Law and thus not history but law. This means they are teaching something in reference to how one should obey the Torah, not about what really happened historically. The Torah is not a history book, otherwise the Torah would not be called the Torah. It would be called "The History Book."
As for mainstream Christianity, both Protestant and Catholic, while the Fall of Man is generally understood in these passages, it is debated whether or not this is historical. Catholic teaching as far as 355 CE has agreed with Judaism that the narrative is not meant to be literal, and today's Catholic and Protestant scholars agree. Fundamentalists hold that the story should be read historically for the most part, but there are some that are reading it with a view to critical scholarship. Despite debates, all hold to the view that "original sin" and not an "issue of sovereignty/great controversy" is what Jesus Christ saves people from.
Both Christianity and Judaism teach that God cannot have an equal. Therefore it is not possible to have a "great controversy" or "issue of sovereignty" because to do so requires God to have an opponent or foe. That is like having a tennis match, where you play someone that is like you. Satan, according to Christian theology, is tiny, a creature that is failing, sick, puny, and broken. He doesn't work, and is imperfect. He can't be an archenemy or opponent in a match with the Creator. It wouldn't work. The Devil would need a perfect equal or stand-in for this controversy to work.
The scenario created by White and preached by the Watchtower is illogical. The Devil is a tiny ant making a complaint and God is a 12-foot man. This is not an issue. How can it be?
And there are no angels watching. Just uneducated people like White, Smith, Russell and Miller making things up and millions of fools following them, wasting their lives to their deaths.