My thoughts are that the ‘Israel of God’ mentioned in Galatians is probably referring to faithful, believing Jews (if you read the chapter in context). Alternatively, it could be referring to ALL Christians. I think the label ISRAEL is only ever used in the NT to refer to physical Israel (apart from maybe that verse in Galatians). I don’t know for sure, but my guess is that the 144,000 mentioned in Revelation 7 & 14 are also Jews (which is exactly what those passages say). The Great Crowd mentioned in chapter 7 are said to be from ‘every nation’ which is a term for the Gentiles. So, to me, the 144,000 and the Great Crowd are referring to Jews and Gentiles. In fact those two groups are mentioned through the NT, inc John 10, parable of the wedding feast, and other places). Paul, in Ephesians 2 defines who the two groups are (Jews & Gentiles) and says they are brought together in Jesus and made to be one fold with one shepherd and with one hope. In Revelation 7 the 144,000 are clearly on the earth at the start of the Tribulation whilst the Great Crowd are clearly in heaven and worshipping God before the throne (Naos in Greek, which means ‘inner sanctuary’), so obviously in heaven. In chapter 14, the 144,000 are then shown as being in heaven. So, to me it is clearly stating that both groups end up in heaven, which is exactly what Watchtower used to originally teach!
