PSacremento-
You are right, there were and are a variety of Beliefs within Judaism from ultra orthodox to reformed and agnostic groups.
I've also enjoyed learning from orthodox and reformed Rabbis, the orthodox gentleman was very thorough in his scope of hisotrical Judaism. At a service he was careful include which ideas came from which eras of Jewish development. He was probably the most influencial in helping me hold to some form of belief in a Supreme Being while accepting the new things science brings into our scope of understanding.
Take care