"MadGiant, do you want to break it to Eugenie C. Scott, the person IN CHARGE of Science EDUCATION in the US, she's wrong about her understanding of a BASIC TERM used in science? A topic in which SHE WROTE A TEXTBOOK?" - Adam
Argument from authority (Argumentum ab auctoritate), also authoritative argument, appeal to authority, and false authority, is an inductive reasoning argument that often takes the form of a statistical syllogism. Although certain classes of argument from authority can constitute strong inductive arguments, the appeal to authority is often applied fallaciously.
"Fact is, FACTS change ALL THE TIME, eg we used to think ulcers were caused by stress until a researcher discovered that a previously unknown bacteria played a role; the new information changed the way doctors approached the treatment of gastric ulcers, using an antibiotic instead of only yoga. If you took a physiology exam in 1960 where the subject was gastric ulcers, you would've been graded quite differently on a test (the professor would've used different answers on the answer key) than if you answered the same way in 2013. FACTS CHANGE, and that's what so great about science; there are "no sacred cows"." - Adam
Yes, they get modifications, and that is part of the learning process. The earth was the center of the universe, the earth was flat, the milky way was the entire universe. Even a spontaneous generation, but a fact is a fact because it was tested and can be tested a number of times with the same results.
Facts
The word fact can be used several ways, but in general in science, "facts" refer to the observations. They are best when they are repeatable observations under controlled conditions, such as "It is a fact that the speed of light is constant in a vacuum." This is the part of science which will be the same a century from now, unless more precise measurements show otherwise.
Reaserch, preliminary results, final results, investigation and facts are different things.
Ismael