Bode's law used to have a lot of currency among "planetologists" - until some extra solar planetary systems were detected via doppler and transits of other stars. Haven't heard much about Bode's law lately, save in used and very old astronomy books.
You could look at these as Pythagorean integers of import, or you could look at them as outcomes of efforts to define precise units of measure - until something better comes along.
Regarding planets and their rotation rates. Some planets have roughly ten hour rotation rates. Others don't. But usually planets are not formed in isolation. Their are mechanisms that dissipate their angular momentum so that they often rotate, after a time, synchronously with other bodies. What applies to moons such as ours and the principal satellites of Jupiter, can apply to planets as well with respect to suns.