Hooberus: I won't discuss here the original meaning of the so-called "great apocalypse of Isaiah" (chapters 24--27), the original perspective of which is quite different from Christian teaching -- even if Christian writers later used some of it.
As for Pauline teaching, you write:
Paul also taught that the Christians' "mortal bodies" would be quickened (made alive). When the Christains mortal bodies are made immortal by resurrection then as Isaiah said (Paul even quoted Isaiah) death would be swallowed up in victory."But if the Spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you, he that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken your mortal bodies by his Spirit that dwelleth in you." Romans 8:11
"So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory." 1 Corinthians 15:54
The above phrase "this mortal" clearly referrs to this mortal body. Paul in Romans 8:11 and 1 Corinthians 15:54 is talking about mortal bodies being made alive (not discarded, and not remaining in the grave). Paul taught the resurrection of the body. Paul hoped for the redemption of his body, not his body being discarded forever, but it (his body) being redeemed or transformed (Phil. 3:21).
"And not only they, but ourselves also, which have the firstfruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, to wit, the redemption of our body." Romans 8:23
It is very interesting that all the texts you quote do not refer to resurrection from the dead, but to the ultimate fate of the believers living to see Christ's parousia (Paul expecting to be one of them). This category is singled out from 1 Thessalonians 4:15 on: we who are alive, who are left until the coming of the Lord. It is also in view in 1 Corinthians 15:50ff:
What I am saying, brothers and sisters, is this: flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, nor does the perishable inherit the imperishable. Listen, I will tell you a mystery! We will not all die, but we will all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed. For this perishable body must put on imperishability, and this mortal body must put on immortality. When this perishable body puts on imperishability, and this mortal body puts on immortality, then the saying that is written will be fulfilled: "Death has been swallowed up in victory."
So "this perishable body" is not the body of the dead (this body is not "what is raised", as the previous seed analogy clearly states, v. 37), but the body of the living which has to be "changed" in order to match the imperishable and immortal quality of the body "given" (v. 38) the resurrected. Approximately the same idea recurs in 2 Corinthians 5:4:
For while we are still in this tent, we groan under our burden, because we wish not to be unclothed (i.e., by death) but to be further clothed, so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life.
In Romans 8:11 resurrection from the dead is just not at stake. Paul is writing to living believers and does not anticipate their death. Remember, the Lord comes soon, and "salvation is nearer to us now than when we became believers" (13:11)... However the eschatological scenario becomes less detailed as time goes by.
Remember: I just speak of the Pauline view. The (later) Gospels' "empty tomb" stories, on the other hand, clearly imply some sort of "resurrection of the body". Yet it has to be something more than "ressuscitation of a corpse", if Jesus' resurrection is to be any different from, say, Lazarus' or the widow's son...