Sookie,
Hi, welcome to the board. I am not quite sure what exactly it is you are asking for.
I think the first thing you need to realize is that no one knows what happens when we die. It is hands down, the greatest mystery of the ages. No one knows.
The Egyptians thought that in order to survive in the after life your body must stay intact and recognizable so as you are aware they performed the most elaborate burial procedures of any culture that has ever existed.
Religions primarily break down into two categories:
Afterlife religions and power/war religions.
Christianity was formed as an afterlife religion. In the middle ages it was used for power/war but the religion itself was still afterlife.
Buddhism/hinduism/sihkism are an afterlife religion. Virtually the same with their intents. Hinduism has some particularly violent offshoots that were power/war. sihkism has spawned some terrorist organizations but that is primarily due to persecution.
Islam was started as an afterlife religion and had the same journey as Christianity. It is still an afterlife religion.
Judaism originally was a power/war religion and actually still is today although it is not used in the traditional power/war way by most of its followers. It is the most succesfull power/war religion of all time. The oddity of Judaism is that the followers havent really fought in well over 2000 years but still believe in it and believe that god will intervene and make them the winners.
Greek/Roman, Aztec (and Norse to a smaller extent) mythology were power/war religions of the most traditional sense and purpose. Very violent bloodlust rituals intended to barbarize and desensitize their warriors.
Celtic mythology evolved from afterlife to power/war, primarily due to increasing contact with Roman forces.
As time goes by power/war religions are formed less and less. This is because humans learn. Power/War religions are formed to raise morale of the military. They are promised that if they worship their God(s) and fight hard enough for the ruler (usually divine) their gods will come to their aid and give them a major advantage. The problem is word gets out that other power/war religions exist. And they never win through divine intervention either.
However, people still die and no one still knows what happens. So this still makes a good basis for a religion.
The winner is afterlife. Afterlife religions are slightly more credible so we can eliminate the power/war religions as most of the world has.
I think the best way to start off in thinking about the afterlife is to study human beings and the universe. These are the two key elements in forming a belief in the afterlife.
If you study the universe and nature, more than likely you will realize there is a master creator to everything. If you study humans you might realize that humans show supernatural traits and are of divine origin or in other words were specifically created by the creator.
Based on these observations you are left with the question of the ages. Is there an afterlife? If you believe that god created the universe and specifically man you can ask yourself why would god create humans with so much potential and capacity but only allow them a very short life span?
If you cant think of a good reason for this you might consider believing in an afterlife -- which would be an extension of life.
Just when you finally figure out how to live, you die.