I find it kind of humorous that Lars can debunk a great bunch of copied Babylonian texts because in copying they must therefore have been "revised" and yet he believes "Bible chronology" as accurate even though it has been copied and recopied and revised and edited and redacted and revised again and recompiled and copied etc. ad nauseum.
It would be really funny if it wasn't so pathetic and sad.
LOL
My position is not to apologize for the Bible. Yes the Bible was copied and it should meet the same standards as any other text considered to be reliable. So I put the Bible to the test just like I put the VAT4956 to the test.
But before we get to deciding if any ancient texts can be reliable, including the Bible, we can put on the academic hat of simply making COMPARISONS, which has been my preferred position. COMPARISONS. So, without saying the Bible is true or not, here's some of those comparisons:
1. JOSEPHUS: Josephus, a Jewish historian, reflecting traditional Jewish history, inserts 70 years from year 23 of Neb2, the last deportation, to the 1st of Cyrus. He considers this as direct fulfillment of the prophecy by Jeremiah. Thus:
ANT 11.1.1
"1. IN the first year of the reign of Cyrus (1) which was the seventieth from the day that our people were removed out of their own land into Babylon, God commiserated the captivity and calamity of these poor people, according as he had foretold to them by Jeremiah the prophet, before the destruction of the city, that after they had served Nebuchadnezzar and his posterity, and after they had undergone that servitude seventy years, he would restore them again to the land of their fathers, and they should build their temple, and enjoy their ancient prosperity."
Jopsephus is a lunatic and unreliable? Fine. That doesn't change that he has an "opinion" about when the 70 years occurred and how Jeremiah is fulfilled. He also claims those last deported in year 23 were deported specifically from Egypt.
2. CARL OLOF JONSSON: Jonsson believes the 70 years refers to 70 years of domination by Babylon over the nations, though slightly less than 70 years. He rounds off the 70 years as a general reference.
3. THE WTS: The WTS thinks the 70 years are a literal 70 years that occurs after the fall of Jerusalem. Currently they date the 70 years from year 18 when they date the fall of Jerusalem, claiming the land was desolated from the 7th month when the Jews ran down to Egypt after the assasination of Gedaliah. They specifically invent some Jews who must have scattered at the time of Gedeliah's murder who were part of the 23rd year deportation mentioned at Jeremiah 52:30. Of course, the Bible clearly notes that a remnant of those who "escaped the sword" would return to Judea (Jer. 44:14,28), apparently for a short time before deportation that same year. Deportations were customarily at the "turn of the year", that is, at the very end of the year at the beginning of Spring. Thus besides contradicting the Bible, they also twist the historical reference by Josephus from which they directly quote. They avoid the concept that the final deportation was out of Egypt, thus avoiding the idea that any Jews traveled through Judea after year 18. The Bible, further, agrees with Josephus that the last deportation in year 23 were of the remnant of Jews from Egypt.
4. THE BIBLE. The Bible, as noted above, claims the 70 years of "exile" were served by those who "escaped from the sword" which is a reference to the survivors among the remnant of Egypt. Here is that direct reference at 2 Chronicles 36:
20 Furthermore, he carried off those remaining from the sword captive to Babylon, and they came to be servants to him and his sons until the royalty of Persia began to reign; 21 to fulfill Jehovah’s word by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had paid off its sabbaths. All the days of lying desolated it kept sabbath, to fulfill seventy years."
The above scripture is thus specific as to who served Babylon for 70 years, that is, those last deported out of Egypt who are called those who "escaped from the sword." Note Jeremiah 44:28
20 Furthermore, he carried off those remaining from the sword captive to Babylon, and they came to be servants to him and his sons until the royalty of Persia began to reign; 21 to fulfill Jehovah’s word by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had paid off its sabbaths. All the days of lying desolated it kept sabbath, to fulfill seventy years."
Okay, those are the comparisons of those critical references.
OTHER NOTES:
VAT4956: It's a "copy" dated 200 years after the fact so can't be used to preempt anything. The presumption is that is is a revised document if it is copied. The WTS is correct to question the "historical" reference though the astronomy clearly comes from original observed texts. But another problem is the "double-dating" in the text. Lines 3 and 14 have "errors" for 568 BCE but match 511 BCE. That's a complication since if year 37 is dated to 537, then year 23 falls in 525 BCE, the strict chronology Biblical date for year 23 when the 1st of Cyrus is dated to 455 BCE. Thus the VAT4956 is used by those dating 455 BCE as the 1st of Cyrus as direct secular evidence of the original timeline.
SK400: Same as above. The timed interval between two eclipses are noted in this text which points to 541 BCE rather than 523 BCE for "year 7" of some Babylonian or Persian king. When 541 BCE is applied to the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II, then year 37 falls in 511 BCE, making the SK400 a match to the presumed original chronology of Neb2. Thus the VAT4956, SK400 and the Bible are harmonized for dating the 1st of Cyrus to 455 BCE and year 23 to 525 BCE. This reflects the "relative" chronology of 70 years between those two events. So essentially, the debate is over. The double dating confirm these documents represent fraudulent chronology on the one hand, but its secretive references could be used to challenge the Bible's timeline. Of course, that turns out well for those since both specifically date the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II to the same years.
Ptolemy's Canon: Simply reflect the confirmed revision of astronomical texts from the Seleucid Period so is entirely dismissible.
Decide whatever you want to. But not to recognize that the Persians revised the NB and Persian timeline at this point is simply incompetent, IMHO.
In the meantime, it is not necessary to use the Bible to date the NB Period since that can be done independently now using the SK400 and the VAT456, both designed to preserve the original timeline; likely inspired by Jehovah to be created by Jewish astronomers in Babylon. So there is a secular source supporting the Bible's 455 BCE chronology for the 1st of Cyrus. This would thus confirm the history by Josephus that the last deportation was 70 years prior to the 1st of Cyrus. The nice thing about all this is that you can follow Josephus and use the VAT4956 and the SK400 to confirm Josephus without even mentioning the Bible. Thus its a battle of interpretation of contradicting secular sources if you wish, after which, you can compare the Bible's timeline with the various conclucsions (as I've done above).
LS