Peacefulpete wrote:
In Jewish Hellenism that included the concept of Satan. What was initially thought of as a servant of God, the accuser, in the heavenly court, morphed into a figure of rebellion. The chief archon was held to be such a figure in Gnostic circles and the ideas converged.
Judaism had a very brief Hellenistic period (roughly 323-30 BCE) that was introduced mainly by the invasion of the culture via Alexander the Great’s invasion, but mostly through the influence after his death. It was short lived, dying out due to the failure of the Seleucid attempt to wipe out Judaism by the Hasmoneans via the Maccabean Revolt.
During the Hellenistic period, Jewish society encountered Greek philosophy and mythology, which includes ideas about demons and cosmic struggles between good and evil. The character of ha Satan or “the Satan” in the book of Job was ideally settled during this time, some suggest, but the concept of Satan in Judaism differs significantly from the Christian depiction.
Judaism defines Satan primarily as an agent of God, a tester of faith, or a personification of the "evil inclination" within humans. In Judaism, “Satan” can be a person or even God himself, and thus Jews don’t typically portray Satan as an independent, all-powerful force of evil opposed to God.
Christianity depicts Satan as a fallen angel, a rebellious creature who seeks to oppose God and tempt humans into sin. Satan the Devil is considered an enemy of both God and man, a powerful, malevolent entity with significant autonomy. This is very different from the ha Satan of Hellenistic Jewry.
It should also be noted that Satan the Devil is not considered an “archon” by mainstream or nominal Christianity. It is even heresy in Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity to use that term for Satan.
This term originates from the Gnostics and their set of beliefs that the Church Fathers consider anathema. In Gnosticism, archons are considered malevolent, lesser deities that rule over the material world and hinder spiritual enlightenment. Catholics believe Satan is a fallen angel, a creature created by God who rebelled and was cast out of Heaven. He is seen as the source of evil and temptation, but ultimately subordinate to God. While Satan might have influence, the Devil is not a deity or ruler.