Years ago I read (and still have on Audiobook) a title called "Our Magnificent Bastard Tongue - the Untold History of English" by John McWhorter. There are lots and lots of sources for words that are used in English. What started as English (see Beowulf and The Canterbury Tales) morphed as the British Empire overtook territories and entered into trade with other nations.
For example, why does English use the word "do" when other languages don't? More often than not, "do" is not used in other languages, except as a verb: to do (faire in French; machen in German).
I thought it was a fascinating read, and even better to listen to. Here's a link to the PDF on the PBS website: https://www-tc.pbs.org/moyers/journal/02272009/mcwhorter.pdf