And consider this: Jer. 51:28, 29, 37.
"Sanctify against her the nations, the kings of Me′di·a, its governors and all its deputy rulers and all the land of each one's dominion. And let the earth rock and be in severe pain, for against Babylon the thoughts of Jehovah have risen up to make the land of Babylon an object of astonishment, without an inhabitant. ... And Babylon must become piles of stones, the lair of jackals, an object of astonishment and something to whistle at, without an inhabitant."
The context is clearly about God's retribution on Babylon at the hands of the Medes - understood to have happened in 539 BCE, yes? And the same language is used as in Jer. 9:11 so must have been a favorite expression. Did the Medes and Persians strip the land of Babylon of its inhabitants when they conquered it? You know the answer. Ever heard of poetic or prophetic hyperbole? Or "artistic poetic rhetoric" (C.J.H. Wright's expression in The Message of Ezekiel)?
Jeremiah 9:11 obviously had a literal application to the Jewish nation even narrowing the Jews taken in exhile to a specific number.
These are the people whom Neb·u·chad·rez′zar took into exile: in the seventh year, three thousand and twenty-three Jews. Jeremiah 52:28
In the first year of Da·ri′us the son of A·has·u·e′rus of the seed of the Medes, who had been made king over the kingdom of the Chal·de′ans; in the first year of his reigning I myself, Daniel, discerned by the books the number of the years concerning which the word of Jehovah had occurred to Jeremiah the prophet, for fulfilling the devastations of Jerusalem, [namely,] seventy years. Daniel 9:1-2
What was stated in Jeremiah 51:36-37 was stated because of the parallel prophecy regarding Babylon the Great.
Therefore this is what Jehovah has said: "Here I am conducting your legal case, and I shall certainly execute vengeance for you. And I will dry up her sea, and I will make her wells dry. And Babylon must become piles of stones, the lair of jackals, an object of astonishment and something to whistle at, without an inhabitant. Jeremiah 51:36-37
re chap. 33 pp. 238-239 par. 10 Judging the Infamous Harlot
Ancient Babylon sat on many waters-the Euphrates River and numerous canals. These were a protection to her as well as a source of commerce producing wealth, until they dried up in one night. (Jeremiah 50:38; 51:9, 12, 13) Babylon the Great also looks to "many waters" to protect and enrich her. These symbolic waters are "peoples and crowds and nations and tongues," that is, all the thousands of millions of humans over whom she has dominated and from whom she has drawn material support. But these waters are also drying up, or withdrawing support. -Revelation 17:15; compare Psalm 18:4; Isaiah 8:7.
And the sixth one poured out his bowl upon the great river Euphrates, and its water was dried up, that the way might be prepared for the kings from the rising of the sun. Revelation 16:12