Bits from chapters three and four:
Certainty is the enemy of truth. If you are certain you have the truth, why would you look for anything else?
Certainty in one's faith robs a person of curiosity and the desire to explore the world and learn more.
The author refers to Amazing Conversions (Altemeyer and Hunsberger) -- the non-religious convert to religion often after some emotional event, such as the death of someone loved or an event like the 9/11 attack in New York. However, the path of someone leaving religion takes years and lots of thinking, reading and discussion.
Analytic Thinking Promotes Religious Disbelief (Gervais and Norenzyan) the more proficient a person becomes at critical thinking, the more like he/she will disbelieve religion.
(No wonder the wtbts and the Taliban don't like education, eh?)
Five reasons why people embrace faith without any evidence to support it:
1. they never learned critical thinking
2. they base their faith on unreliable evidence (like experiencing the holy spirit)
3. they have never been exposed to competing ideas
4. social/peer pressure
5. they don't value truth or are relativists
"Doxastic Closure"
Doxastic means belief. Doxastic closure is a belief so entrenched or protected it is difficult to change. They are in a bubble that filters out disagreeable or uncomfortable ideas. The author included some interesting thoughts about Google - that google bases search results on your past searches and web sites you've visited, creating a little bubble that leaves out other information. So someone who visits skeptic sites will get different results from a google search than someone who visits religious sites, even though they use the same search key words. So, if you're surrounded by people who believe as you do, and google promotes more of the same kind of thinking, and you never learned to think critically, and if belief affects your social structure, well, it will be pretty hard for you to change your beliefs unless something happens to create a chink in the armor.
Critical thinking is far more work than accepting simple platitudes (like my neighbor's idea about karma.)
Tools of faith: certainty, prejudice, pretending, confirmation bias, irrationality and superstition
http://www.skepticblog.org/2011/08/30/skepticism101/