Frankie....In America, our rights don't come from the government or from any government official. Rights such as life, liberty, the pursuit of happiness, and right to own property, exist independently of government, not because of government.
The reason the Constitution granted government limited power is to protect the exercise of these rights. In the absence of government, antisocial people such as murderers, rapists, and thieves would make life miserable for everyone else…. therefore, government is needed to arrest, prosecute, and punish these types of people.
The Constitution made it clear that the American government, unlike others in history, would not be one of unlimited powers. Instead, by the express terms of the Constitution itself, the federal government would be one of limited, enumerated powers. For example, the powers of Congress are limited to those enumerated in Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution.
Maybe a more appropriate question is not "What rights does the Constitution give to the American people?" but rather "What powers does the Constitution grant to the government?" If a certain power is not granted, the government is not (and should not be) permitted to exercise it.