aqwsed12345 : While
the uncial manuscripts do indeed capitalize all instances of the word
"god" (ΘΕΟΣ) or "lord" (ΚΥΡΙΟΣ) due to the nature of their
script, context and meaning determine how the word should be understood and
translated in modern languages.
aqwsed12345 : Thus the use of nomina sacra in early Christian manuscripts reflects
reverence for divine names, but it does not imply that every use of the term
"god" should be capitalized in modern translations.
I am pleased to see you agree on this. My point regarding nomina sacra was specifically that they do not imply every use of the term
"god" should be capitalized in modern translations. And that applies to John 1:1 as much as any other scripture. Context and meaning should determine how the word is translated in modern languages.
aqwsed12345 : The traditional
translation ("the Word was God") does not confuse the Word
with the [God] ... The Greek construction makes this clear...
You have to be joking. Certainly the Greek construction makes the distinction clear, but we are talking about the English translation. You refuse to address the fact that most English readers do confuse the Word with the God. This is well known to all JWs who get to discuss the trinity from door to door. The first scripture the person will point to, and usually the only scripture, is John 1:1 and will say that proves that Jesus is God. In fact, you say the same thing (to peacefulpete) : "the New Testament's portrayal of the Logos
(John 1:1) presents the Logos as not only preexistent but as God
Himself". And then you don't think people confuse the Word with ton theon (God Himself).
aqwsed12345 : The claim that John's
audience, particularly the Jews of the time, were henotheists is historically
inaccurate.
Of course it is accurate. Archaeological finds in the form of oil lamps, coins and mosaics show there were other gods alongside the Jewish god, although most Jews did not worship them. Amazingly, there is a synagogue built in the first half of the third century, in Tiberias, which include the zodiac and sun god. The Dura-Europos synagogue which also dates to the third century includes a number of Greek gods as well as biblical scenes.
To refer to a second god would not be strange to John's audience. In Margaret Barker's book The Great Angel: A Study of Israel's Second God, she argues that prior to the rabbinic Judaism that emerged after the
destruction of Jerusalem in 70 C.E., the Jewish concept of God was not as
monolithic as is understood today. Many in first century Palestine retained a world view derived from the more ancient religion of Israel, in which there was a High God and several Sons of God.
In Justin Martyr's Dialogue with Trypho, Trypho first asks "show us that the spirit of prophecy admits another god besides the Maker of all things", and Justin answers "there is, and that there is said to be, another god and lord subject to
the Maker of all things; who is also called an angel, because he
announces to men whatsoever the Maker of all things (above whom there is no other god) wishes to announce to them.". Whatever you may argue about Justin, he is answering a question about another god.
The first century audience of John's prologue would have had no problem with the concept that the Word was with God and also had his qualities, who was by nature a god. Indeed, this has always been a Jewish understanding since God said "let us make man in our image", although it was often attributed to an angel (or angels).