When it comes to authority and manipulation by authority are men more "immune" than women? Milgram and Burger both found that women are no more susceptible / men are every bit as susceptible to coercion from an authority figure.
I don't think M's and B's studies apply in this situation. It's been a while since I studied that, but did any of those test subjects have prior relationships with their authority figures that would impact their response? I don't think so. I think the unequal bargaining power in the on-going relationship structures is incredibly relevant. The...you've-never-met-me-before-but- hey-shock-this-person-or-else context is only marginally applicable.
Studies for decades have shown that women are simply more religious than men. It's not tied to age, education level, geographic area or income. Women are the backbone of most congregations regardless of the denomination.
I found your comment to be both counter-intuitive and contrary to what I thought I remembered reading/studying, so I did a modicum research (10 minutes), and your claim appears to be incorrect.
Educational levels appear to be very predictive on both sides of the equation: higher educational level, working > less conservative Christian values : Increased Christian values > lower educational attainment
By: Gonsoulin, Margaret E. . Sociological Spectrum , Mar/Apr2010, Vol. 30 Issue 2, p220-240, 21p, 1 Diagram, 4 Charts ; Abstract: Theoretically derived measures and hypotheses concerning the connection between family ideology, gender ideals, and status attainment levels of conservative Christian women are examined in the twenty-first century. Conservative Christian women have a more intensive view of mothering, a stronger prolife stance, a younger age of childbearing, a higher number of children and a lower education level. These trends tend to intensify for women who convert to conservative churches after the age of 16 and reduce for women who engage in wage-work. A belief in Biblical inerrancy directly reduces educational attainment as does a higher intensity of mothering, a younger age of childbearing, and higher number of children. While there is no discernible direct effect of religiosity on income level, there is an indirect effect that is important to note. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] ; DOI: 10.1080/02732170903496141 ; ( AN 47926776 )
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By: Skarupski, Kimberly A.; Fitchett, George; Evans, Denis A.; Mendes de Leon, Carlos F. . Aging & Mental Health , Sep2010, Vol. 14 Issue 7, p779-789, 11p ; Abstract: Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe the levels of daily spiritual experiences (DSEs) in community-dwelling older adults, to compare the levels of spiritual experiences with the levels of prayer and religious service attendance, and to examine the demographic and psychosocial correlates of spiritual experiences. The data came from 6534 participants in the Chicago Health and Aging Project, an ongoing population-based, biracial (65% African American) study of the risk factors for incident Alzheimer's disease among older adults. A 5-item version of the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES) was used in the study. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between sociodemographic and psychosocial factors and DSES scores. Results: The majority of the participants reported having spiritual experiences at least daily. In the bivariate analyses, African Americans and women had higher DSES scores than Whites and men, respectively (p's < 0.001). Prayer and worship were moderately associated with DSES scores. In the multivariable analyses, African American race, older age, female gender, better self-rated health, and greater social networks were associated with higher DSES scores, while levels of higher educationand depressive symptoms were associated with lower DSES scores. Conclusion: We observed high levels of spiritual experiences and found that the DSES is related to, but distinct from the traditional measures of religiosity . We found associations between DSES, demographic, and psychosocial factors that are consistent with the findings for other religiosity and spirituality (R/S) measures. Future research should test whether DSES contributes to our understanding of the relationship between R/S and health in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] ; DOI: 10.1080/13607861003713265
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Of course, women have only recently been allowed the luxury of earning an income that allows them to choose their life, so it will be very interesting to see what the data are in say 50 years. I suspect trending will definitely show a link between women/education/$ and lack of religiosity.
I don't have an issue with the demographics; they are useful analytical tools. I have issues with the short-sighted use of demographics to make rash generalizations, e.g., women are more religious, ergo, women are more emotional.
Also, if not social, from where does this difference arise? The only other option would be DNA, and there is more of a genetic difference between a Black and a White than between a male and a female. So, on its face, that doesn't explain the differences. Perhaps on-going reasearch concerning the "religiosity gene" will support your conclusion.?? But if it were simple genetics, then education shouldn't impact it. ...tons to study
...again...perhaps it is the third option...perhaps the women aren't following their husbands because they just don't think much of their husband's decisions...
I'm tapping out of this thread, though it has provided some lovely breaks and interesting posts. I am trying to outline for exams...sigh...