I wonder what has stunted their civilization
Arab civilization flourished from approximately 750 AD until 1258 AD, mainly because this was a time of overall political stability throughout the Middle East and Central Asia. In that way, Arab civilisation was little different from any of the others - before or since. (i.e. While political stability prevailed, commerce, industry, the arts and sciences all prospered).
This was all ended, though, as it always does (no matter what the civilisation) by external invasion.
The 13th Century invasion by the Mongols (particularly the sacking of Baghdad in 1258 AD) proved devastating to the Arab civilisation, and hit it a blow from which it never recovered.
No great mystery in that! (Certainly not to any halfway knowledgable student of history, anyway).
As to Arab contribution to science, historians of science have overall presented a favourable review of Medieval Arabic Science:
- Some, such as Bertrand Russell, regarded their main achievement as being the preservation of knowledge acquired by other peoples. (Even this, alone, was an important contribution - particularly as our lot during those centuries was more inclined to destroy all such records, such as the burning of the books in the great library of Alexandria, in Egypt)
- Others, such as Will Durant, Fielding H. Garrison and Hossein Nasr concluded that the Arab scholars also contributed much towards the development of scientific method and process.
For anybody wanting details of Arab scientific achievements during the golden age of their civilization, the Google link in lisaBOeesa's above post is an excellent place to start.
(Contrary to the claims of some on this thread, the details of what Arabic scholars did contribute to science are easy to find).
Bill.